Hydroponic vs Conventional Spinach Smoothies: Effects on Salivary Nitrate Bioavailability and Blood Pressure

Recruiting now · Not applicable

Conditions studied: Adult

In brief

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine whether hydroponic spinach (HS) versus conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption effects on salivary nitrate availability and blood pressure in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption salivary nitrate availability responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Do hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies produce differential post-consumption blood pressure responses in adults when consumed in equal volumes? Participants will: Consume hydroponic spinach (HS) and conventional spinach (CS) smoothies on two separate study days. Attend two laboratory visits at the university, scheduled within a 1-2 week period. Undergo check-ups and study measurements during each visit (e.g., blood pressure and saliva sampling).

Key facts

Study ID

NCT07665944

Run by

University of Plymouth

People needed

12

Starts

2026-05-22

Expected to finish

2026-07-31

Last updated by the study team

2026-06-24

Who can join

Age: 18 and older, up to 60. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

• Adults aged 18-60 years
• Generally healthy individuals (no diagnosed chronic disease)
• Non-smokers and non-vapers
• Not currently taking medications known to affect cardiovascular function or nitrate metabolism
• Able and willing to provide informed consent
• Willing to comply with study procedures and attend both study visits

You may not qualify if…

• Presence of chronic disease (e.g., cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, or respiratory conditions)
• Use of pacemakers or implanted medical devices
• Pregnant or lactating individuals
• Known allergy or intolerance to spinach
• History of gastrointestinal disorders or pathology affecting digestion or absorption
• Use of nitrate or nitrite supplements
• Use of antibiotics within the past 3 weeks
• Use of antibacterial mouthwash or oral products within the past 2 weeks
• Current participation in another clinical trial or recent participation that may interfere with outcomes

Where it is running

• University of Plymouth — Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom (enrolling)

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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