Effects of Different Types of Music Therapy Combined With Mindful Breathing on Delirium, Pain, and Anxiety in ICU Patients

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Conditions studied: Delirium Confusional State

In brief

Delirium is the most common and severe neuropsychiatric complication in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), with an incidence as high as 87% in the United States, 75.6% in medical ICUs in Taiwan, and 41.7% in surgical ICUs, with patients developing delirium an average of 2.6 days after admission. Delirium is associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased complications, higher in-hospital mortality, greater psychological burden on family members, and elevated clinical pressure on healthcare staff. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines recommend prioritizing non-pharmacological interventions for delirium prevention, among which music intervention has emerged as one of the most promising strategies due to its low risk, low cost, and feasibility in the ICU setting. Although several international studies have supported its potential benefits, evidence remains inconclusive. Mindfulness-based approaches represent another non-pharmacological strategy that intentionally directs attention to present-moment bodily sensations; mindful breathing exercises are particularly suitable for ICU patients, as they only require patients to adopt a comfortable position in bed and focus on each inhalation and exhalation under guidance, quickly restoring awareness to present bodily experience. Incorporating mindful breathing before and after music listening may therefore facilitate emotional regulation and present-moment awareness, enhancing patient engagement and attentional focus during the intervention. Existing delirium prevention studies in Taiwan have predominantly employed multicomponent care bundles, leaving a gap in empirical evidence regarding music as a standalone intervention. Moreover, scholars have highlighted that musical preference and cultural background influence patients' psychological responses to music, underscoring the importance of cultural appropriateness. In response to this gap, the present study proposes a music intervention combining classical music and Taiwan-localized music with mindful breathing exercises, aiming to examine the effects on ICU delirium incidence and severity, compare the effectiveness of classical versus Taiwan-localized music, and explore the potential benefits on patient anxiety and pain, with the hope of providing a culturally informed, evidence-based music repertoire to guide clinical practice in Taiwan.

Key facts

Study ID

NCT07624097

Run by

Chimei Medical Center

People needed

51

Starts

2026-06-01

Expected to finish

2027-04-09

Last updated by the study team

2026-06-03

Who can join

Age: 20 and older. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: not accepted.

You may qualify if…

• Adults aged 20 years or older who can communicate verbally or in writing
• Able to receive music therapy
• Pain score > 2 within the past 24 hours
• Delirium prediction model risk > 20%

You may not qualify if…

• Positive delirium screening at ICU admission
• Significant hearing impairment
• Inability to cooperate with wearing over-the-ear headphones

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