Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain With Transcutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation in Emergency Departments

Recruiting now · Not applicable · Has a placebo group

Conditions studied: Back Pain

In brief

Acute low back pain is a common reason for emergency department visits (4.39% \[95% CI: 3.67-5.18\]). Drug treatment options are limited and largely ineffective. Paracetamol and opioids are no better than placebo for acute low back pain. Only NSAIDs and muscle relaxants have a slightly beneficial effect on pain, but muscle relaxants have an unfavorable benefit-risk ratio. Given this situation, it is necessary to explore new non-pharmacological treatment options to relieve the pain of these patients. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological therapy that involves applying an electrical current through the skin. Using one or two pairs of electrodes attached to the skin, TENS delivers painless, low-intensity electrical pulses to a painful area or along the path of a nerve. TENS works by selectively activating large-diameter, non-nociceptive afferent fibers to induce segmental analgesia. In addition, TENS increases the concentration of endorphins in the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of TENS has been studied primarily in chronic low back pain. A 2007 Cochrane systematic review concluded that TENS appears to reduce pain and improve range of motion in subjects with chronic low back pain. The use of TENS in the emergency department has been little studied. To our knowledge, there are no high-quality studies comparing TENS versus placebo for acute low back pain in patients presenting to an emergency department. This study aims to investigate the analgesic efficacy of TENS compared to placebo in the treatment of acute low back pain in the emergency department.

Key facts

Study ID: NCT07588490
Run by: Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc- Université Catholique de Louvain
People needed: 222
Starts: 2026-01-12
Expected to finish: 2026-12-31
Last updated by the study team: 2026-05-14

Who can join

Age: 18 and older. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: not accepted.

You may qualify if…

= or > 18 years old
pain (EN > 3) related to acute lower back pain in the emergency department.

You may not qualify if…

Refusal to participate in the study, refusal to sign the informed consent form
Consent cannot be obtained (cognitive impairment, language barrier, etc.)
Patients with lower back pain lasting more than 6 weeks
Taking immediate-release pain medication within the last 6 hours
Taking extended-release pain medication within the last 12 hours
Taking a muscle relaxant within the last 24 hours
Pregnant women
Patients requiring immediate medical attention (life-threatening situation)
Patient already treated with TENS
Patient with a body temperature > 38°C
Patient with a known spinal infection
Lower back pain related to trauma
Patient with a known systemic rheumatological or spinal disease
Patient with a known systemic inflammatory disease
Patient with a known chronic pain condition such as fibromyalgia
Patient with pain radiating into the lower limb along the path of one of the following nerves (L3-L4-L5-S1)

Where it is running

Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc — Brussels, Belgium (enrolling)

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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