Effects of Energy and Physical Density Manipulation on Appetite

Completed · Not applicable

Conditions studied: Appetite, Eating Behavior

In brief

As individuals tend to eat a constant weight or volume of food, manipulating physical and energy densities generally results in changes in energy intake without affecting subjective appetite sensations. However, relatively few studies have directly studied the interaction between physical and energy density manipulation. This study will determine the effects of foods that systematically vary in physical and energy density on ad libitum energy intake and subjective appetite ratings. Secondary outcomes will include gastrointestinal discomfort, fatigue and acceptability.

Key facts

Study ID

NCT05408390

Run by

United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine

People needed

20

Starts

2022-07-05

Expected to finish

2023-05-04

Last updated by the study team

2023-08-24

Who can join

Age: 17 and older, up to 39. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

• Body mass index (BMI) ≤ 30.0 kg/m2
• Willing to abstain from alcohol for 24 hours prior to and during days 1-2 of each study phase.
• Willing to abstain from strenuous exercise for 24 hours prior to and during days 1-2 of each study phase.
• Willing to abstain from a vegetarian/vegan diet or other highly restrictive diet (e.g., ketogenic diet, very high protein diet, Paleo diet) for two weeks prior to and throughout the study.
• Willing to maintain body weight throughout study.
• Willing to maintain usual diet (if not a restrictive diet), physical activity (aside from strenuous exercise limitation for 24 hours prior to and days 1-2 of each study phase) and nicotine use throughout study.
• Willing to abstain from dietary supplements (e.g., metabolism boosters, appetite suppressants, weight loss aids) impacting appetite or metabolism (as determined by study PI) throughout the study.
• Eats 3 meals per day at least 5 days/wk

You may not qualify if…

• Pregnant or lactating.
• Taking prescription medications, other than a contraceptive, known to affect appetite, digestion and/or metabolism (e.g., anti-diabetic agents) (unless approved by study PI)
• Any chronic medical condition that limits food intake or alters metabolism, appetite or digestive physiology (e.g., gastric bypass, gastrointestinal disease, dysphagia, diabetes).
• Allergies and intolerances (e.g. gluten, dairy, nuts), unwillingness or inability to eat provided foods and beverages.
• Score of ≥13 on the restraint scale or ≥9 on the disinhibition scale of the Eating Inventory
• Weight gain or loss of >5 lbs in the 2 weeks prior to study participation.
• Not willing or unable to adhere to all study procedures and restrictions.

Where it is running

• US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine — Natick, Massachusetts, United States

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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