Dual Use of ENDS and Combustible Cigarettes

Completed · Not applicable

Conditions studied: Smoking, Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette Use

In brief

This study investigates the degree to which shared behavioral processes underlie combustible cigarette (CC) and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use in young adult dual users of these products in both the laboratory and natural environment. The primary processes examined by this study are cue-reactivity, attentional bias, and affect. Laboratory hypotheses are: (1) cue exposure will elicit craving of both CC and ENDS in the laboratory and that product-specific cues will elicit stronger craving for the affiliated products; (2) visual probe effects indicating attentional bias in the laboratory will be observed for smoking and vaping images; and (3) cross-conditioning from the first hypothesis will be associated with heaviness of use of CC and ENDS and product choice. Natural environment hypotheses are: (1) presence of tobacco-related cues in the natural environment will elicit craving and use of these products; (2) reactivity to cues, attentional bias, and cross-product conditioning assessed in the laboratory will be associated with craving and use of tobacco products over and above the effects of cues in the natural environment; and (3) negative affect will strengthen these associations.

Key facts

Study ID

NCT05280535

Run by

Brown University

People needed

82

Starts

2022-12-14

Expected to finish

2025-05-20

Last updated by the study team

2025-09-18

Who can join

Age: 21 and older, up to 34. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

• Age 21 to 34 (inclusive)
• English-speaking at an 8th grade level
• Any self-reported past 7-day use of both ENDS and cigarettes
• Self-identification as a regular ENDS and combustible cigarette user OR use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes on at least 6 of the past 7 days including at least 3 days of using each product;
• Smoking status confirmed via breath CO >= 6 ppm112 or NicAlert test of urine cotinine (level >= 3)
• Smartphone ownership.

You may not qualify if…

• Intention to quit smoking or vaping during the next 30 days
• Intention to travel during next 30 days
• Current alcohol dependence (based on MINI)
• Urine-screened or past month illicit substance use other than marijuana (amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, opioids, benzodiazepines
• Pregnant (due to toxicity of tobacco products)
• Current psychosis, mania, or suicidal ideation (based on MINI).

Where it is running

• Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies — Providence, Rhode Island, United States

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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