Reactivating Specific Memories During Sleep in Conjunction with a Suppression Context

Completed · Not applicable

Conditions studied: Sleep, Consolidation

In brief

Forgetting is often perceived as the inability to retain information, but in fact at least some memory deterioration is due to active suppression processes, that are behaviorally adaptive. These active processes are thought to involve new, inhibitory learning, suggesting that sleep may serve to enhance them as it does other forms of learning. If this were the case, sleep may be harnessed to weaken non-adaptive memories in a manner that may be beneficial for healthy and clinical populations suffering from memory-related symptoms of disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To test this idea, this suggested nap study will incorporate specific memories in a suppression context during sleep monitored by encephalography (EEG). First, participants will take part in an item-based directed forgetting task, in which they will be exposed to different words, immediately followed by instructions to either remember the preceding word or not. The instructions will be conveyed using two distinct odors. In fact, the purpose of this first part would be to cement the associations of these odors with the instructions. Next, in an unrelated task, participants will learn the spatial locations of images on a screen. These images will be presented along with congruent sounds (e.g., cat - meow). During a subsequent nap, some of these sounds will be unobtrusively presented along with one of the two previously learned odors or along with a novel odor. In a final spatial-location test, memory for the images whose sounds were presented along with the "forget" odor during sleep is expected to be worse than for the images that were not cued. Memory for the locations of the images whose sounds were presented with one of the two other odors during sleep are expected to improve, possibly more so for the sounds presented with the "remember" odor relative to those presented with the novel odor. If successful, these results would be a first step towards interventions that may serve to selectively weaken memory during sleep.

Key facts

Study ID

NCT04702750

Run by

Northwestern University

People needed

23

Starts

2022-02-10

Expected to finish

2024-05-30

Last updated by the study team

2024-11-19

Who can join

Age: 18 and older, up to 35. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

• --

You may not qualify if…

• Participants with a history of neurological disorders or of sleep disorders will be excluded.
• Participants who do not believe they would be able to fall asleep in the lab will be excluded.
• Participants with severe asthma requiring hospitalization for treatment, history of significant food or non-food allergy, presence of known smell, taste or ear-nose-throat disorder, or a history of sinusitis or allergic rhinitis will be excluded.
• Participants who are certain they breathe through their mouths during sleep and those who snore (and therefore likely breathe through their mouths as well) will be excluded.

Where it is running

• Cognitive Neuroscience Lab - Northwestern University — Evanston, Illinois, United States

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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