A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Anakinra Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Retreatment, in Patients With Kawasaki Disease Who Failed to Respond to Initial Standard IVIG Treatment

Recruiting now · Phase 3

Conditions studied: Kawasaki Disease

In brief

Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most frequent vasculitis in younger children \<5years, and the first cause of acquired ischemic myocardiopathy in childhood. Exceptionally, KD may cause early death during the acute phase by myocardial infarction, but may compromise the long-term cardiovascular outcome by accelerating atherosclerotic disease. The incidence of KD is high in far-Eastern countries and Hawaii but KD is relatively rare in other regions (10/100000 children \<5years in northern Europe) which makes it difficult to develop research on these rare population. Early recognition and treatment by intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) influences the prognosis positively. IVIG are the standard of care and decrease significantly the risk of coronary aneurysms. However, despite a first infusion of IVIG, 20% of KD patients remain febrile and have high risk of coronary vasculitis. Recent Japanese research group assessed additional cyclosporine treatment in first line KD treatment but failed preventing relapse. To date there is no agreement for a more effective second line treatment. Based on the auto-inflammatory pattern of KD, the investigators hypothesize that anti IL-1 blocking agents could bring a rapid and sustained effect on systemic and coronary inflammation in patients with KD. Our hypotheses are: 1. Anakinra treatment may reduce the early and long-term mortality of patients with Kawasaki Disease (KD), by a rapid and sustained effect on vascular inflammation. 2. The safety of anakinra is good, as the drug has a very short half-life, which allows its rapid withdrawal in case of serious adverse event. The use of anakinra is not associated with the risk of contamination by infectious agents, which remain even minimal, a possibility with the use of IVIG.

Key facts

Study ID: NCT04656184
Run by: Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
People needed: 84
Starts: 2023-10-20
Expected to finish: 2027-03-01
Last updated by the study team: 2024-02-28

Who can join

Age: 0 and older, up to 17. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: not accepted.

You may qualify if…

Children, male and female, from 3 months to <18 years old
Patient ≥ 5 kg
Patient with KD according to the American Heart Association definition for complete or incomplete KD. (Fever ≥ 5 days (or at least 3 days if KD with American Heart Association criteria since the third days of fever) and ≥ 4 of 5 main clinical signs: modification of the extremities, polymorphic exanthema, and bilateral bulbar not exudative conjunctivitis, erythema of the lips or oral cavity, and cervical lymph nodes usually unilateral > 1.5 cm in diameter.
Patients who failed to respond to the standard therapy of KD, e.g. Persistence or recrudescence of fever ≥ 38°C, 48 hours after the infusion of 2g/kg of IV Ig. Patients may be screened 24h after the end of the first infusion if they remain febrile 24h after the end of the first infusion.
Patient, parents or legal guardian's written informed consent is required
Patient with health insurance (SS or CMU).
Efficient contraception for the duration of participation in the research for childbearing aged women

You may not qualify if…

Preterm and neonates, pregnancy, pregnancy and breast feeding
Suspicion of another diagnosis
Patient with overt concomitant bacterial, viral or fungal infection
Patient previously treated with steroids and/or another biotherapy
Patient with increased risk of tuberculosis infection
Recent tuberculosis infection or with active tuberculosis
Patient with any type of immunodeficiency or cancer
Patients with severe renal impairment (CLcr < 30 ml/minute)
Patients with hepatic insufficiency
Patients with neutropenia (ANC<1.5 x109/l)
Patients included in another interventional protocol
Patient under the following treatments:
Preventive Antipyretics (paracetamol, NSAIDs other than aspirin 30-50mg/kg given for purpose of KD inflammation), as long as the patient receives the study medication
Immunosuppressive medications given in a period less than twice of their half-life prior the patient receives the study medication (systemic steroids, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, interferon, mycophenolate, other anti-IL-1, anti IL-6, anti CD20 and anti TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)), plasmapheresis)
Hypersensitivity to anakinra or excipients (citric acid, sodium chloride, disodium EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic), polysorbate 80, sodium hydroxide, in water for injection)
Hypersensitivity to IV Ig, or excipients (L-proline and water for injection), hypersensitivity to human normal immunoglobulin, in particular if the patient have anti-IgA antibodies (IgA: Immunoglobulin A)
Patients with type I or II hyperprolinemia
Live vaccines within 1 month prior to enrollment
Hypersensitivity to anakinra or to immunoglobulins or to excipients of Kineret® or Privigen® or to E.coli proteins
Contraindication for administration of anakinra or IVIG listed in the Summary of Products Characteristics (SmPC) of Kineret® and Privigen®
Ongoing or recent use of any other medication Known inhibitors/inducers of cytochrome P450 as listed on the link below: http://medicine.iupui.edu/clinpharm/ddis/main-table

Where it is running

CHU de Bicêtre — Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Val De Marne, France (enrolling)

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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