Ketone Ester Intervention in Alcohol Use Disorder

Recruiting now · Phase 2/Phase 3 · Has a placebo group

Conditions studied: Alcohol Drinking, Alcohol Use Disorder

In brief

The purpose of this research is to study how a nutritional ketone ester may effect brain function and alcohol consumption in regular alcohol users. The study will see how the brain responds, once after drinking the ketone ester and once after drinking a "placebo", which will look and taste the same as the ketone ester drink. Metabolic ketosis induced by a ketogenic diet has been previously shown to elevate brain ketone bodies and reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans with AUD, and reduce alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent rats. The study investigates whether metabolic ketosis induced by a one-dose nutritional ketone ester (KE) reduces brain reactivity to alcohol cues (fMRI), alcohol craving and alcohol consumption in humans with AUD, and if KE elevates ketone bodies using proton spectroscopy. This study uses a double blind, random ordered, 2-way crossover design in n=20 non-treatment seeking AUD who come in on two separate testing days: on one testing day the participants consume KE ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate), and on another testing day a drink with isocaloric dextrose (DEXT), after which participants are scanned for 1H-MRS and fMRI and complete an alcohol consumption paradigm each day after scanning.

Key facts

Study ID

NCT04616781

Run by

University of Pennsylvania

People needed

20

Starts

2021-04-05

Expected to finish

2027-07-01

Last updated by the study team

2026-02-09

Who can join

Age: 21 and older, up to 65. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

• Age 21 years to 65 years old.
• Willingness to provide signed, informed consent and commit to completing the procedures in the study
• Meets DSM-5 criteria for AUD
• Average weekly ethanol consumption of at least 15 standard drinks over the past month prior to consent (self-report)
• Participants not seeking treatment for their AUD (self-report)
• Alcohol specified as the preferred drug (self-report).
• Women of child-bearing potential (i.e., who have not had a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, tubal ligation or is less than two years postmenopausal): must be non-lactating and practicing a reliable method of birth control, and have a negative urine pregnancy test prior to the initiation of the study and MRI procedures. Examples of medically acceptable methods for this protocol include: the birth control pill, intrauterine device (no copper IUD), injection of Depo-Provera, Norplant, contraceptive patch, contraceptive ring, double-barrier methods (such as condoms and diaphragm/spermicide), male partner sterilization, abstinence (and agreement to continue abstinence or to use an acceptable method of contraception, as listed above, should sexual activity commence), and tubal ligation.

You may not qualify if…

• Unwilling or unable to refrain from use, within 24 hours of MRI procedures, psychoactive medications or medication that may affect study results (e.g., analgesics containing narcotics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs).
• Current DSM-5 diagnosis of a major psychiatric disorder (other than alcohol and nicotine use disorders, or substance use disorders that are mild/moderate) that required hospitalization, or that required daily medications for over 4 weeks in the past year (i.e., antidepressants; anticholinergics; antipsychotics; anxiolytics; lithium; psychotropic drugs not otherwise specified (nos) including herbal products (no drugs with psychomotor effects or with anxiolytics, stimulant, antipsychotic, or sedative properties); sedatives/hypnotics).
• Urine drug screen positive for recent use of opioids, cocaine, or amphetamines on study visits (may be repeated once and if the result is negative on repeat it is not exclusionary).
• A current, clinically significant physical disease or abnormality on the basis of medical history, physical examination, or routine laboratory evaluation that can impact brain function, the use of a ketone ester or the use of alcohol (e.g., epilepsy, diabetes, liver disease, kidney disease, kidney stones, chronic metabolic acidosis or a cardiomyopathy as determined by history and clinical exam).
• Currently suffering from or with a history of stroke and/or stroke related spasticity.
• History of seizures.
• HIV positive, as the human immunodeficiency virus affects the brain.
• Head trauma with loss of consciousness for more than 30 minutes or associated with skull fracture or inter-cranial bleeding or abnormal MRI. (self-report, medical history).
• Presence of ferromagnetic objects in the body that are contraindicated for MRI of the head, fear of enclosed spaces, or other standard contraindication to MRI (self-report checklist).
• Claustrophobia or other medical condition preventing subject from lying comfortably flat on his/her back for up to 2 hours in the MRI scanner (self-report).
• BMI > 35, body girth greater than 52 inches and a head girth greater than 25 inches (imaging data acquisition is impaired with high-weight individuals).
• Vision problems that cannot be corrected with glasses.
• Judged by the principal investigator or his designee to be an unsuitable candidate for study participation.

Where it is running

• University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States (enrolling)

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

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