Underutilization of Hospice in Older African Americans

Completed · Not applicable

Conditions studied: Hospice Decision Making

In brief

Despite the documented benefits of hospice, less than 2 million people utilize hospice services annually. Underuse disparities are extreme across race and ethnicity as White Americans comprise 85% of all hospice enrollees. AAs account for only 8% of hospice enrollees but are more likely to die from the top three hospice diagnoses (i.e. cancer, heart disease and dementia) than White Americans. Even when AAs enroll in hospice, they spend less time in hospice than White patients, averaging fewer than seven days in hospice care. Notably, AA hospice enrollees report a higher degree of satisfaction with end of life care when hospice is involved, as compared to AAs who are not enrolled in hospice care. There are several potential barriers that may prevent AAs from enrolling in hospice care including lack of knowledge of hospice care, mistrust in healthcare, perceived discrimination, health literacy. AAs routinely report less knowledge of hospice than White Americans, and the information that AA know about hospice often comes from non-medical professionals and is inaccurate. Some AA have persistent mistrust in healthcare due to events such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments and many AA perceive discrimination when accessing healthcare. Data shows that health literacy is a stronger predictor of hospice use than race and older AAs are more likely to possess low health literacy. The driving hypothesis of this research is that by providing clear and accurate information to older AAs will help address the underutilization of hospice by clarifying misperceptions, building trust, and overcoming literacy barriers. Patient decision aids (PtDAs) are an evidence-based approach to improve patient agency in medical decision making. Research shows that AA report a desire for more agency and autonomy in decision-making yet the use of PtDAs is understudied in AA communities. This proposal offers a unique opportunity to address many of the potential barriers that may prevent older AAs from enrolling in hospice, while simultaneously expanding the literature of SDM specific to older AAs. The goals of this proposal are to evaluate if the relationships between health literacy and hospice knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs is mediated by mistrust in healthcare and perceived discrimination among AAs aged 65 or older (Aim1) and to evaluate the effect of the hospice PtDA on changing hospice knowledge and attitudes and beliefs about hospice in AA aged 65 and older (Aim 2).

Key facts

Study ID
NCT04458090
Run by
University of Colorado, Denver
People needed
144
Starts
2019-03-01
Expected to finish
2021-04-30
Last updated by the study team
2026-07-17

Who can join

Age: 65 and older. Sex: any. Healthy volunteers: accepted.

You may qualify if…

You may not qualify if…

Where it is running

Full record on ClinicalTrials.gov

Trial information comes from ClinicalTrials.gov and is refreshed daily. TrialsForMe does not provide medical care and does not run the studies it lists.